The idea of CPF
The Comparative Panel File (CPF) harmonises the world’s largest and longest-running household panel surveys from seven countries: Australia (HILDA), Germany (SOEP), Great Britain (BHPS and UKHLS), Korea (KLIPS), Russia (RLMS), Switzerland (SHP), and the United States (PSID). The project aims to support the social science community in the analysis of comparative life course data. The CPF is not a data product but an open-source code that integrates individual and household panel data from all seven surveys into a harmonised three-level data structure. The open-source character of the code allows for developing and extending areas of application.
CPF is an open-science project aimed at answering the growing need for cross-nationally comparative longitudinal data in the social sciences. It also contributes to the open and replicable science by providing access to data resources and collaborative improvement of research tools.
Currently, CPF is developed by Konrad Turek and Matthijs Kalmijn at the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW) and Thomas Leopold at the University of Cologne [see The CPF Team]. The CPF code was designed and prepared by Konrad Turek and will be continuously developed and improved by the CPF team and the community of users.
How did it start?
The first version of CPF (1.0) was published in December 2020. The idea of the comparative dataset originated in 2019 among a group of sociologist from the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, the University of Cologne, and the University of Amsterdam, involved in a research project “CRITEVENTS” founded by NORFACE/DIAL programme*, which focused on critical life events and the dynamics of inequality over the lifecourse. CPF was developed in an attempt to extend and popularise the approach implemented in the Cross-National Equivalent File (CNEF). CNEF is a long-running and well-established project which harmonizes international longitudinal surveys of households. It is an extraordinary endeavor, however, it has some limitations related to topics included, lack of options to include new variables, or complex application procedures. Building on the CNEF approach, CPF was an attempt to overcome these limitations for users who require more flexibility and control over the data management process.
* “Critical Life Events and the Dynamics of Inequality: Risk, Vulnerability, and Cumulative Disadvantage” (CRITEVENTS) was funded by NORFACE through the transnational research programme “Dynamics of Inequality Across the Life-Course: Structures and Processes (DIAL), which is co‐funded by the European Commission through Horizon 2020 under grant agreement No 724363.
Our team
Konrad Turek
Assistant professor, sociology, work & ageing labour markets, life course inequalities at Tilburg University
Thomas Leopold
Full professor of Sociology at the University of Cologne, the Chair for Methods of Empirical Social Research.
Matthijs Kalmijn
Professor of demography and sociology at the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), theme leader ‘Families and Gender’. Professor of Sociology at the University of Groningen.
Isabel Voets
Research Assistant for CPF (2022-2023) at NIDI-KNAW. MSc Double Degree Sociology and Population Studies (Tilburg University / Universitat Pompeu Fabra)
Xu Xiao
In this Chinese name, the family name is Xu.
Postdoctoral Researcher for CPF (2025) at Tilburg University. PhD candidate Computational Demography (NIDI-KNAW / University of Groningen)